Mustafa Kemal (aka: Ataturk) was the founder of the Turkish Republic and its first President. His goal was to modernize Turkish life in order to give his nation a new sense of dignity, equality, and happiness. In his program of modernization, secular government and education played a major role. The secular system he created in Turkey meant that the vast majority of Muslim and the small Christian and Jewish minorities to practice their faith. He led his country out of the crumbling past modernizing Turkey and making it more secular.
A vast transformation took place in the urban and rural life in Turkey. Mustafa Kemal introduced many reforms to give his nation a modern outlook. European hats replaced the fez; women stopped wearing the veil; all citizens took surnames; and the Islamic calendar gave way to the Western calendar. It can be said that few nations have ever experienced anything comparable to the social change in Atatuk's Turkey.
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